Post-verdad y desinformación: uso del análisis del discurso para comprender la creación de narrativas emocionales y rivales en Brexit
Palabras clave:
post-verdad, desinformación, narrativas emocionales, narrativas rivales, Brexit
Resumen
La presente investigación explora el concepto de post-verdad y desinformación con respecto al Brexit. Es una investigación cualitativa y exploratoria. Utiliza el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (CDA) para echar un vistazo a los discursos de los políticos durante la campaña Brexit. La investigación combina siete características de la post-verdad con cuatro de los cinco niveles de desinformación según los parámetros conceptuales. Al final, concluye que los políticos usan narrativas emocionales y rivales para crear una breve polarización política.
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Citas
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Varguillas, Carmen (2006). “El uso de Atla.ti y la creatividad del investigador en el análisis cualitativo de contenido Upel”. Revista de Educación Laurus, N.°12.
Vasilopoulou, Sofia and Markus Wagner (2017). “Fear, anger and enthusiasm about the European Union: Effects of emotional reactions on public preferences towards European integration”. European Union Politics, 18(3), March.
Vegetti, Federico (2014). “From political conflict to partisan evaluations: How citizens assess party ideology and competence in polarized elections”. Electoral Studies 35: 230–241.
Weedon, Jen, William Nuland and Alex Stamos (2017). Information Operations and Facebook. In https://fbnewsroomus.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/facebook-and-information-operations-v1.pdf
Westen, Drew (2007). The political brain. The role of emotion in deciding fate of the nation. Public Affairs: New York. Kindle edition.
BBC (2016). “Reality Check: Your questions on cost of EU membership”. In https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36470341
Brader T., Valentino N., and Suhay E. (2008). “What triggers public opposition to immigration? Anxiety, group cues, and immigration threat”. American Journal of Political Science, 52(4): 959-978.
Carver CS and Harmon-Jones E. (2009). “Anger is an approach-related affect: evidence and implications”. Psychological bulletin, 135(2): 183-204.
Clarke, Harold, Matthew Goodwin and Paul Whiteley (2017). “Why Britain Voted for Brexit: An Individual-Level Analysis of the 2016 Referendum Vote”. Parliamentary Affairs. N.° 70: 439-464.
Colvile (2016). “12 people who brought about Brexit”. In https://www.politico.eu/article/12-people-who-brought-about-brexit-leave-remain-referendum-campaign-euroskeptics-tension/
D’ Ancona, Matthew (2017). Post-truth: The New War on Truth and How to Fight Back. Ebury Press: London.
Delgado, Richard (1989). “Storytelling for Oppositionists and Others: A Plea for Narrative”. Michigan Law Review, Vol. 87, No. 8: 2411-2441.
Ditto, Peter and David F. Lopez (1992). “Motivated Skepticism: Use of Differential Decision Criteria for Preferred and Nonpreferred Conclusions”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 63, No. 4: 568-584.
Drake, Matt (2017). “EU 'spreading Soviet-style propaganda and disinformation' to undermine UK Brexit support” In https://www.express.co.uk/news/politics/866601/eu-brexit-european-union-jean-claude-juncker-commission-john-redwood-theresa-may
Druckman JN and McDermott, R. (2008). “Emotion and the framing of risky choice”. Political Behavior, 30(3): 297-321.
Fairclough, Norman (2003). Analyzing Discourse. Textual analysis for social research. Routledge: London and New York.
Fairclough, N. (2001). Language and power (Language in social life series). Harlow: Pearson.
Fetzer, James (2004). “Disinformation: The Use of False Information”. Minds and Machines 14: 231–240.
Fuller, Steve (2016). “Embrace the Inner Fox: Post-Truth as the STS Symmetry Principle Universalized”. In https://social-epistemology.com/2016/12/25/embrace-the-inner-fox-post-truth-as-the-sts-symmetry-principle-universalized-steve-fuller/#comments
Golitsyn, Anatoliy (2016). New Lies for Old: The Communist Strategy of Deception and Disinformation. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Gómez García, Ignacio (2016). “The Brexit and Trump cases from engineering in social Communication”. Razón y palabra, Vol. 21, No. 96: 295-319.
Higgins, Kathlenn (2016). “Post-truth: a guide for the perplexed”. Nature, Vol. 540: 9.
Hobolt, Sara (2016). “The Brexit vote: a divided nation, a divided continent”. In Journal of European Public Policy, Volume 23, Issue 9.
Hoes, Emma (2017). “About Post-factualism, Populism and Bullshit: Using discourse analysis to identify post-factualism in populist and non-populist speech during the 2008 and 2016 US Presidential Elections”. Master Thesis presented with a view to obtaining the degree of Master in Political Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
Jasanoff, Sheila (2004). States of Knowledge: The Co-Production of Science and Social Order. London: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
Kawulich, Barbara (2005). “Participant Observation as a Data Collection Method”. Volume 6, No. 2.
Keyes, Ralph (2004). The Post-Truth Era: Dishonesty and Deception in Contemporary Life. St. Martin's Press. Kindle Edition.
Lynch, Michael (2017). “STS, symmetry and post-truth”. Social Studies of Science, Vol. 47(4): 593-599.
Mason, Jennifer (2002). Qualitative Researching. Sage Publications: London.
Masters, Jonathan (2018). “Russia, Trump, and the 2016 U.S. Election”. In https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/russia-trump-and-2016-us-election
Montgomery, Martin (2017). “Post-truth politics?”. Journal of Language and Politics, 16 (4): 619-639.
National Endowment for Democracy (2017). “Issue brief: distinguishing disinformation from propaganda, misinformation, and “fake news”. In https://www.ned.org/issue-brief-distinguishing-disinformation-from-propaganda-misinformation-and-fake-news/
Newman, Eryn J. Maryanne Garry, Daniel M. Bernstein, Justin Kantner and D. Stephen Lindsay (2012). “Nonprobative photographs (or words) inflate truthiness”. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Vol. 19, Issue 5: 969–974.
Oxford Dictionaries (2018). “Post-truth”. In https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/post-truth
Polifact (2018). “The Principles of the Truth-O-Meter: PolitiFact’s methodology for independent fact-checking”. In http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2018/feb/12/principles-truth-o-meter-politifacts-methodology-i/
Roberts, David (2010). “Post-truth politics”. In https://grist.org/article/2010-03-30-post-truth-politics/
Rose, Jonathan (2016). “Brexit, Trump, and Post-Truth Politics”. Public Integrity, 19:6, 555-558.
Schattschneider, E. (1960). “The semisovereign people”. In http://wikisum.com/w/Schattschneider:_The_semisovereign_people
Shipman, Tim (2016). All out war: The full story of Brexit. William Collins: Kindle version.
Sober, E. (1994). “The primacy of truth-telling and the evolution of lying”. In From a biological point of view, Cambridge, Cambridge: 71-92.
Sprandel, Marcia Anita (n/d). “Resenha Poovey, Mary. 1998. A History of the Modern Fact: Problems of Knowledge in the Sciences of Wealth and Society”. In http://www.scielo.br/pdf/mana/v9n1/a14v09n1.pdf
The Economist (2016). “Art of the lie”. In https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21706525-politicians-have-always-lied-does-it-matter-if-they-leave-truth-behind-entirely-art
Van Dijk, T. (2005). “Ideología y análisis del discurso”. Utopía y praxis latinoamericana, 10(29). In http://www.produccioncientificaluz.org/index. php/utopia/article/viewFile/2703/2703
Varguillas, Carmen (2006). “El uso de Atla.ti y la creatividad del investigador en el análisis cualitativo de contenido Upel”. Revista de Educación Laurus, N.°12.
Vasilopoulou, Sofia and Markus Wagner (2017). “Fear, anger and enthusiasm about the European Union: Effects of emotional reactions on public preferences towards European integration”. European Union Politics, 18(3), March.
Vegetti, Federico (2014). “From political conflict to partisan evaluations: How citizens assess party ideology and competence in polarized elections”. Electoral Studies 35: 230–241.
Weedon, Jen, William Nuland and Alex Stamos (2017). Information Operations and Facebook. In https://fbnewsroomus.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/facebook-and-information-operations-v1.pdf
Westen, Drew (2007). The political brain. The role of emotion in deciding fate of the nation. Public Affairs: New York. Kindle edition.
Publicado
30-05-2019
Cómo citar
Cervi, L., & Carrillo-Andrade, A. (2019). Post-verdad y desinformación: uso del análisis del discurso para comprender la creación de narrativas emocionales y rivales en Brexit. ComHumanitas: Revista Científica De Comunicación, 10(2), 125-149. https://doi.org/10.31207/rch.v10i2.207
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